The short version: Crawlspace is a free information resource. Every claim carries the quote it rests on, so you can check it rather than take our word for it. It is general information, not professional advice. Search engines change without announcing it, so read the dates.
Crawlspace collects, for contested questions about search engines, what the evidence
establishes - separated by what kind of evidence it is: what an operator documents, what
someone measured, what changed and when, where sources disagree, and what the field repeats
with no primary source behind it. Every claim carries a direct quote and a link.
Unlike a plain ledger, each subject also carries a short verdict. That verdict is written from
that subject's established claims and nothing else, then checked against those same claims; one
that asserts more than they support is not published, and the subject shows its claims with no
verdict instead. Claims that failed the check are published too, with the reason, so you can
judge the check as well as the claims.
Nothing on Crawlspace is legal, medical, financial, safety, or other professional advice. Do not rely on it as a substitute for a qualified professional. Decisions you make based on the site are your own responsibility.
We work from primary documents and credible secondary analysis and cite every source, but we
cannot guarantee that any source - or our reading of it - is complete, current, or correct.
Sources can be wrong, and search behaviour changes without notice: a claim dated 2016 may have
stopped being true years ago and said nothing about it. Read the dates.
A claim missing from a subject means it did not survive our checks, not that no such fact
exists. A refused claim is one whose evidence did not support it as written - several are
probably true and badly sourced. If you find a claim its quote does not support, the
“Tell us” link in the footer goes straight to us; corrections are welcome.
Quoted excerpts remain the property of their original authors and are reproduced briefly to identify and evidence a claim. Links to external sources are provided for reference; we are not responsible for the content, accuracy, or availability of third-party sites.
Crawlspace is provided “as is” and “as available”, without warranty of any kind. To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, we are not liable for any loss or damage arising from your use of, or reliance on, the site or its content, including decisions made on the basis of any claim, summary, or source presented here.
The service may change, be interrupted, or be discontinued at any time without notice.
These terms are governed by the laws of Victoria, Australia.
We may update these terms at any time. Continued use of Crawlspace constitutes acceptance of the updated terms.
Questions, or a correction to flag? Use the “Tell us” link in the footer.
Last updated: June 2026.